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Dense Inert Metal Explosive (DIME) is an experimental type of explosive that has a relatively small but effective blast radius. It is manufactured by producing a homogeneous mixture of an explosive material (such as phlegmatized HMX or RDX) and small particles of a chemically inert material such as tungsten. It is intended to limit the distance at which the explosion causes damage, to avoid collateral damage in warfare. The phrase ''inert metal'' refers to a metal that is not chemically active and therefore not part of the chemical reaction that causes the explosion, as opposed to some metals, such as aluminium, that do form part of the chemical reaction—e.g. in Tritonal. An emerging criticism of DIME weapons is that they might turn out to have strong biological effects in those who are hit by the micro-shrapnel from these types of explosives.〔(DIME: A New Horror ) at Question Everything, January 14, 2009〕 DIME mixtures have been studied for some time,〔Cooper, Paul W. ''Explosives Engineering''. New York: Wiley-VCH, 1996. ISBN 0-471-18636-8.〕 but apparently only began to be adopted for weapons after the year 2000. ==Method of operation== DIME weapons consist of a carbon fiber casing filled with a mixture of explosive and very dense microshrapnel, consisting of very small particles (1–2 mm) or powder of a heavy metal. To date, tungsten alloy (heavy metal tungsten alloy, or HMTA) composed of tungsten and other metals such as cobalt and nickel or iron has been the preferred material for the dense microshrapnel or powder. Two common HMTA alloys are: * rWNiCo: tungsten (91–93%), nickel (3–5%) and cobalt (2–4%) * rWNiFe: tungsten (91–93%), nickel (3–5%) and iron (2–4%) Upon detonation of the explosive, the casing disintegrates into extremely small particles, as opposed to larger pieces of shrapnel which results from the fragmentation of a metal shell casing. The HMTA powder acts like micro-shrapnel which is very lethal at close range (about 4 meters or 13 feet), but loses momentum very quickly due to air resistance, coming to a halt within approximately 40 times the diameter of the charge. This increases the probability of killing people within a few meters of the explosion while reducing the probability of causing death and injuries or damage farther away. Survivors close to the lethal zone may still have their limbs amputated by the HMTA microshrapnel, which can slice through soft tissue and bone.〔(Dense Inert Metal Explosive (DIME) ) at GlobalSecurity.org〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「dense inert metal explosive」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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